The Problem of Evil in Our World Essay - 1302 Words

During World War II about 65 million people died, during the famines in British India about 27 million people died, during the fall of the Ming Dynasty about 25 million people died, during the Stalin Dictatorship about 20 million people died (White), during the Boston Marathon Bombing three people died (â€Å"Boston Marathon Terror Attack Fast Facts†), and according to the Central Intelligence Agency out of 100,000 people, 839 die per year (â€Å"The World Factbook†). Have you ever wondered how many of those 829 people are actually murdered, stripped out of their lives? 5.3 out of every 100,000 people are murdered yearly and most of them are innocent people (â€Å"Assault or Homicide†). Even though the world has always strived to enforced justice in†¦show more content†¦During times were evil arises God is placed under great scrutiny. People wonder and people question, some people even end up losing their faith all together. There is a constant doubt in God; if god is omnipotent and good, why is he not stopping evil and defending his creation? Why is he letting evil take over people who are innocent? If God is morally perfect and powerful and even still he is not stopping evil from spreading, does God really exist? It is with that line of questions that people lose their faith with. They lose their trust in God, and his existence. The Holocaust is one if not the most prominent example of the issues with theodicy. The Holocaust was a systematic persecution and murder of approximately 6 million Jews during World War II by the Nazi regime. This persecution was sponsored by Germany and leaded by Adolf Hitler. The ideology behind the attempted extermination of Jews was that Germans believed that they were the superior race and the Jews were not only inferior but they also presented a threat towards the German race. But they did not only persecute Jews, they also went after Gypsies, Poles, Russians, Communists, Socialist, Jehovahâ€℠¢s Witnesses, homosexuals, mentally and physically disabled people, among others. All the people who got incarcerated by the Nazis were brutally abused, starved,Show MoreRelatedThe Existence Of God And The Battle Between Good And Evil1386 Words   |  6 PagesGod and the battle between good and evil has been a topic of much discussion for centuries. Through the philosophical scope, there is a â€Å"Problem of Evil† that challenges the existence an all-powerful God if there is evil in the world. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, was a German philosopher who argued about the topic of the problem of evil. Leibniz argued that (1) evil is not necessary; (2) that there is evil in the world because as humans we are restricted in our knowledge since we are merely made inRead MoreEvil, Moral And Natural Evil1408 Words   |  6 Pagesremove all evils but not able to? Then he must not be all powerful. The Greek philosopher Epicurus stated: is he able but not willing? Then God must not be all good. Is he able and willing? Then why is there evil? Or is God neither? In that case why is there a being called God? These particular questions lead to the problem of evil argument, which is an argument against the existence of God. Evil is all things that are bad in the world. There are two types of evil, moral and natural evil. This includesRead More God And The Problem Of Evil Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesGod And The Problem Of Evil Everyday it is possible to read a newspaper, or turn on TV or radio news and learn about evil going on in our world. Banks are robbed, cars are stolen, violent murders and rapes are committed. Somewhere in the world the aftershock of an earthquake is being felt. Cancer is killing millions of people each year, while other debilitating conditions continue to affect many with no cure to end their suffering. President Bush said that our country is fighting a war againstRead MoreThe Problem of Evil1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe problem of evil is the notion that, how can an all-good, all-powerful, all-loving God exists when evil seems to exist also. The problem of evil also gives way to the notion that if hell exists then God must be evil for sending anyone there. I believe both of these ideas that God can exist while there is evil and God is not evil for sending anyone to hell. I believe hell exists in light of the idea that God is holy and just. The larger is how anyone can go to heaven . I will try to answer the problemRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil And Moral Evil1093 Words   |  5 Pagesare made to explain the problem of evil and why it exists in our world when God is all-knowing, all-powerful, and all-good. The subject of evil and why it exists is a difficult topic to find an exact answer to, especially when evil is presented in the form of nature. Natural evil and moral evil are two different types of evil that take form and cause suffering to humans. Natural evil is â€Å"events and maladies in nature that bring suffering upon mankind and nature.† Natural evil can be difficult to explainRead MoreEvil : Evil And Evil1300 Words   |  6 PagesIf we are living in a world that was created by a perfect being, why are there imperfect aspects? If this ultimate being or creator (I will say God for purpose of this paper) is fundamentally good and moral, and is even unable to create evil, then how did evil come to be in the life we are living? According to the problem of evil, if there is a God, there is no evil. But because there is evil in the world, the conclusion can be drawn that there is no God (Sober). At first glance, this argument isRead MoreWriting Style Used : Mla912 Words   |  4 PagesHamartiology: The Problem of Evil Hamartiology, also known as the doctrine of sin, has been debated for centuries due to the confusion about the existence of evil in the world God created. This doctrine is more than an explanation for the problem of evil, but it affects our relationship with our all-powerful, all-loving God. The problem of evil, indeed, is an issue that objects to the belief of God s existence. Being the label for a series of problems involving God and evil, evil is seen in manyRead MoreA Bible Study Session At The Emanuel African Methodist Church1408 Words   |  6 Pagesattack, all our nation could do is ask, â€Å"Why?† Why someone so full of hate, would take the lives of innocent people who only wished to gather and worship the Lord. Many Christian also began to ask God why? The victims, as far as we know, were good people. Why would God allow such evil to occur, especially in a church? Better yet, why does God allow any evil to occur? The Problem of Evil is that if an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent god exists, then evil does not but evil exist. ThereforeRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil By Robert M. Adams1499 Words   |  6 PagesTHE PROBLEM OF EVIL IN THE WORLD Evil is in the eye of the beholder, sometimes a daily reality. To present the problem of evil you must first know that evil exists. Since God reveals himself as the all-powerful, all knowing and all good, how can the same God allow evil to exist and for bad things to happen to good people? Our suffering, as well as the suffering of others, vividly marks the presence of evil in our world. The majority of us struggle at one time or another in life with why evil happensRead More`` Logical Problem Of Evil `` By Lee Strobel1377 Words   |  6 PagesSeems like each day we turn on our televisions, open up our Internet browsers or turn on our smartphones we’re confronted with some disturbing news of people doing unimaginable acts to each other, to animals, to our planet or horrible things happening to people all across the globe. At some point, possibly even to the non-believers, the questions of a higher power and its existence comes into question as we debate on how or why if Go d is All Powerful, All Knowing, and All Good, how can He allow

A Narrative On The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary...

In my paper, I will be writing about the historical context of Mary Rowlandson’s, â€Å"A Narrative on the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson.† I am going to look at the entire historical background of Rowlandson’s narrative. The way I am going to explore this is how the readers back then would have interpreted Roland’s reference to Biblical verses, and her questioning of God’s role during her captivity. I plan on using at least 2 sources for this assignment. Mary White Rowlandson was a colonial woman in America who was captured during the King Philip’s War by the Native Americans. While she was captured, she was held for eleven weeks, and then after she was released, she wrote A Narrative of the Captivity and restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, which is also known as The Sovereignty and Goodness of God. During these weeks, she experienced physical abuse, starvation, and saw many friends, and her youngest daughter Sarah killed . This story is considered to be one of America’s first bestsellers when it was first publish in 1682. Mary was born in 1637, in England and moved to present-day New England when she was a child. Growing up her father helped found the town of Lancaster, and was one of the wealthiest men there. In 1656 at the age of 19, Mary married Reverend Joseph Rowlandson. Together, the couple has four children, three of which survived infancy. When the war broke out between the Native Americans and the English settler, Mary and her kids were captured.Show MoreRelatedA Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, by Mary Rowlandson1483 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson† by Mary Rowlandson is a short history about her personal experience in captivity among the Wampanoag Indian tribe. On the one hand, Mary Rowlandson endures many hardships and derogatory encounters. However, she manages to show her superior status to everyone around her. She clearly shows how her time spent under captivity frequently correlates with the lessons taught in the Bible. Even though, the colonists possibly murderedRead More A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pressure to Assimilate in Mary Rowlandson’s A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson There are times when assimilation is not a choice but rather something is forced. In circumstances such as being taken hostage, the ability to survive must come at the price of assimilating ones own customs into another lifestyle. In February of 1675 the Native Americans who were at war with the Puritans obtained hostage Mary Rowlandson of the Plymouth colony. During this timeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And The Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1422 Words   |  6 Pagesof twenty-four people. Mary Rowlandson was among these captives, and the resulting captivity narrative, titled The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, published in 1682, is formed based on her memory. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative carried great significance in that it came to be used as a didactic Jeremiad, leading its Calvinist audience back towards God’s path and away from an allegorical wilderness. As a devout Calvinist, Rowlandson believes that her journeyRead MoreThe Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson reveals that the ghastly depiction of the Indian religion (or what Rowlandson perceives as a lack of religion) in the narrative is directly related to the ideologies of her Puritan upbringing. Furthermore, Rowlandsons experiences in captivity and encounter with the new, or Other religion of the Indians cause her rethink, and question her past; her experiences do not however cause her to redirect her life or change her idealsRead MoreA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1042 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† and â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson† are both nonfiction narratives that describe the struggles of women in some form of captivity. The similarities between these two texts are in some ways incredibly obvious, for instance they are both written in the first person from the perspective of marginalized women struggling to merely survive. â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† specifically deals with the extreme level ofRead More Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1366 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson From the violent and brutal clash between Indians [1], and British colonists in Massachusetts during King Philips War (1675-6) grew a new literary genre. After their redemption, some colonists who had been prisoners of the Indians wrote autobiographical accounts of their experiences. These captivity narratives developed a large audience, and interest in the narratives continued into the nineteenth century.[2] After her captureRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1031 Words   |  5 PagesMary Rowlandson Captivity and Spiritual Freedom The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, or also known as The Sovereignty and Goodness of God, written by Mary Rowlandson is a powerful captivity narrative. Mary Rowlandson gives a first person perspective about her experience of being held captive during King Phillip’s War. Rowlandson lost everything by an Indian attack on her town. The Indian’s over took the town of Lancaster, catching homes on fire, killing and capturingRead MoreA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson982 Words   |  4 PagesA Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson The life one treasures and takes for granted today can be so easily erased in the blink of an eye and gone tomorrow. Therefore, not only is it important to cherish how one lives for today and now, but it’s also important to how one can overcome the misfortunes and hardships they may suffer; tragedy can make a person or break a person. Mary Rowlandson’s experience during her eleven weeks of captivity as documented in â€Å"A NarrativeRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson reveals that the ghastly depiction of the Indian religion (or what Rowlandson perceives as a lack of religion) in the narrative is directly related to the ideologies of her Puritan upbringing. Furthermore, Rowlandsons experiences in captivity and encounter with the new, or Other religion of the Indians cause her rethink, and question her past; her experiences do n ot however cause her to redirect her life or change her idealsRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1245 Words   |  5 Pagesof a captivity narrative, Mary Rowlandson’s memoir, â€Å"The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson†, accurately reflects the respective formatting by which a subject is taken captive, describes the treatment and conditions of their stay, and dictates their hope of being rescued by means of divine intervention. Whilst Rowlandson’s narrative follows the correct standards of a captivity narrative throughout the time given with each â€Å"remove†, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the

Lucozade Adverts Free Essays

Lucozade is a product which over the years has totally changed the target audience and its impact on the market. At the start of its production life it was marketed as a drink which helped aid recovery for sick children, so the obvious target market was mothers who would be encouraged by the commercial to buy the drink for their children. However, as time went by this proved unsuccessful. We will write a custom essay sample on Lucozade Adverts or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was time for change and this they did, changing not only image but target market and the different uses for the drink. The first advertisement studied was an original commercial which advertised Lucozade as a drink which aids recovery from illness; aimed to be bought by mothers, and promoted very much as a ‘happy family’ drink. However, the slogan ‘Lucozade Aids Recovery’ made consumers think it was a drink only for the sick and not intended for healthy people; because of improving social conditions and medical care, fewer people felt the need to buy Lucozade when they were ill, causing as obvious decrease in sales. Another problem was the packaging: it was a unique large glass bottle, but was only suitable for use in the home. Consumers who felt thirsty were unlikely to buy it and drink it on the street, which meant that the brand was only sold in large grocery stores and chemist so limiting its availability and reducing its market share. The drink itself was also a problem as it was then only provided in one flavour and consumers could take it or leave it, so many simply d id not like the taste and bought other soft drinks. A positive side to this advertising, however, was that everybody had heard of Lucozade and it had an excellent reputation, strongly associated with glucose and health. It was sold at a high price compared to production cost which meant that Lucozade made tremendous profit on each bottle sold. There was also no direct competition, not even from supermarkets, who often market their ‘own brand’ versions of successful products. The Daley Thompson advertisements were the ‘cure’ and saviour of the Lucozade drink in using a top sports superstar to endorse and advertise the product. Thompson was a double Olympic gold winning decathlete in the 1980s, and so was a world renowned sports star and he was British! A totally new advertising campaign was now launched to give Lucozade a new image and enhance its reputation in a modern was that consumers would feel was relevant to them. The image of the children and sickrooms was gone and in came representations of fitness and healthy living, so completely transforming the total target market, as it now promised energy for healthy athletes, not for convalescent children. In addition there would be announcements of new products for example providing new flavours that would give Lucozade a much wider appeal through its advertising. Also the first part of the campaign introduced the single-drink, quarter litre bottle. Sales improved dramatically and the newer, smaller bottle was sold in small shops as well as chemists, so widening its availability. The Daley Thompson advertisement starts with an extreme close-up of a red traffic light which draws attention immediately to the screen, as it then switches to a shot of Daley Thompson slowing down from a run, while it states: ‘8AM Daley Thompson’, stops training for a refreshment. Another picture of a red light cross fades to a shot of Daley coming to a standstill: when Daley stops, the viewers stop to focus a shimmering heat on the running track, which is red, the corporate colour of Lucozade. The effect of this dramatic opening is to show the viewer Thompson’s total exhaustion, whilst the red colours remind us of the product label. It also has an American style with the traffic lights and intense heat so suggesting what an international superstar Daley Thompson is. It also indicates that if he trains in America, he must be popular whilst it is a country associated with success – as is Thompson, and, by implication, Lucozade The traffic lights turn amber as it goes to a shot of Daley: the clothes he is wearing are grey and dull emphasising that he is exhausted from a long training session. He is depicted with a bottle of Lucozade, flipping it out of out of his bag to show it is portable and will fit into a bag which can be taken anywhere. He drinks it; am extreme close-up follows of the vivid orange Lucozade liquid and bubbles passing through it like the energy building up. There is also an extreme close-up of the bottle with a Royal Seal of Approval indicating that is a high quality product, which is good enough to be royally approved, to remind viewers of the tradition and reputation. The music speeds up and the camera moves in and goes to an extreme close-up of a green light, zooms in and out quickly and moves to a mid-shot of Daley getting ready to sprint; this is in slow-motion which indicates the energy building up and rushing through his body from the tip of his toes to the top of his head. He burst from the block and races down the track towards the camera and audience to fully involve them, stressing how quick he is and it is implied that the Lucozade has fully revitalised him. There is then a variety of shots of his legs pounding down the runway, making the advertisement more explosive and exciting so retaining audience involvement. The shots change quickly to reflect the speed of Lucozade, but it ends with a freeze frame of Daley in motion winning his race. The words ‘Lucozade’ and ‘the refreshing glucose drink’ appear in the Lucozade ‘font’ whilst the voice of Des Lynam is heard saying these words, portraying more c elebrity endorsement which gives Lucozade an even better image having been endorsed by two famous sport personalities. Sound is also used to excellent effect in the advertisement as the music is of a heavy metal style, which was popular with teenagers at the time, the band being Iron Maiden with their song ‘Phantom of the Opera’, complementing the images perfectly. The music gives the advertisement a racy and modern edge whilst also appealing to a younger audience than the mothers of the older advertisements. Therefore, the advertisement was constructed extremely well and this was reflected in a huge increase in sales, mainly because of the Daley Thompson endorsement. It helped Lucozade become what it is today, a well known and respected top sports drinks used by the worlds best professional and amateur athletes aswell as ordinary people on the street who have been convinced by a series of very powerful advertisements. How to cite Lucozade Adverts, Papers

Project Report on Education Society free essay sample

Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertaken till now. 2. 4. Mission of the Promoting Body 2. 5. Vision of the Promoting Body CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State 3. 3 Status at Entry Level 3. 4. Status of Commerce Level manpower 3. 5 Industrial Scenario of the State 3. 6 Scope of the College vis-a-vis the Industrial Scenario and Educational Facilities already available in the State and in this Institute. CHAPTER IV :ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Basic Academic Philosophy of the Institution 4. 2 Types of Programmes 4. 3. Identified Programmes 4. 4. Phase-wise Introduction of Programmes amp; Intake 4. 5 Target Date for Start of Academic Programmes 4. 6 Central Computing facility 4. 7 Central Library 4. 8 Affiliating Body 4. 11 Scholarships CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1 Classification of Academic Divisions i. e. Departments,Centres, Schools, Central Academic Facilities. 5. 2. (i) Commerce (120 seats) 5. 2. (i) 1 Academic Objectives 5. 2. (i) 2. : Areas of Focus . 2. (i) 3. : Academic Programme 5. 2. 4 : Faculty Requirement amp; Phase-wise Recruitment 5. 2. 5 : Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment (cost) 5. 2. 6 : Requirement of other Space like Class Rooms,Faculty Rooms, Departmental Office. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community 6. 4. : Linkages with Institutions of excellence such as the IIMs and ICAI. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad CHAPTER VII : GOVERNANCE 7. 1. : Philosophy of Governance 7. 2. : State amp; Central Governance CHAPTER VIII : ACADEMIC amp; ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT 8. 1. : Organizational Structure amp; Chart for day-to-day Operations amp; Management 8. 2. : Role and Responsibilities of Key Senior Positions 8. 3. : Methods/Style of Administration/Management CHAPTER I : BRIEF DETAILS OF COLLABORATING PARTNERS. A. Gurukul Education Society In the following pages brief details of collaborating parteners 1) and 2) - are given B. INTRODUCTION To meet the increasing demand of qualified manpower in the field of emerging areas of commerce and Industry. And to provide the Primary education facilities to common man in village, Gurukul Education society, pune is formed with the approval of All India council for Education, Govt of india. It is affiliated to Pune University and Pune Board. In todays World of 21 century, our country is on the road map of Globalization, hence more and more industries are attracting towards India and specially towards Rural Area. As they are considering there rural area as beneficial investment. Hence Gurukul Education society is planning to open a Primary School and Commerce college in Pune District at Yavat. C. Backround of the Counsultants. Solution Provider pvt. Ltd. are appointed as consultants to regularize amp; assist for project completion. The Solution Provider are serving various clients for last 25 years. They have very good goodwill in market amp; commitment complier. CHAPTER II : THE PROMOTING BODY 2. 1 Introduction to its Genesis including its Registration Status Gurukul Education Society, registered in 1998 in pune has established Gurukul Institute of commerce in Pune. Whose members include well-known Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals and Educationists. The people associated with the Society are engaged in rendering social services in Pune and Mumbai. The members of the society are committed to provide the investment needed for the education with global competitiveness. No compromise is made in ensuring the high quality of education in the Institute. 2. 2. Details of its Promoters including their Background The promoters consist of Industrialists, Businessmen, Professionals Educationists. The list is given on the following pages. In there are a large number of members in the following categories: (i) Founder Members : 44 ii) Members : 39 (iii) Aajiwan Sahyogi : 156 (iv) Donors : 21 2. 3 Activities of the Promoting Body including a listing of major educational promotional activities undertake till now. The promoters of the society have been involved in various activities related to basic and professional education, health care and have established a number of educational institutions consisting of Engineering College, Polytechnic, IT I and are also managing Five Public Schools at various locations in Maharashtra. 2. 4 Mission of the Promoting Body The missions are mentioned below: 1. To arrange, establish, run and manage Nursery, Primary Higher Secondary and Higher Education in Commerce Institutions. Colleges for all types of higher education; preparation for various competitive examinations and civil services and to provide education to the General Public, poor and needy children, SC, ST Community and other sections of the society and to provide education as per the Policy of the Govt. of India. 2. To arrange, establish run, manage, control, lookafter, and super-vise Commerce Educational Institutions, Colleges, Lecture halls, part time Coaching Education Centre n Charitable basis and other establishments or Institution for advancement of education and knowledge in arts, science, social science, knowledge of public hygine, literature and humanities, etc. 3. To establish environment preservation and pollution control centres to restrain the spread of pollution and to conduct such programmes which aim at preservation of environment, improvement and control of pollu tion. 2. 5 Vision of the Promoting Body †¢ To provide for excellence in Commerce Education and Research. To provide computers as: an aid to study, an object of study, a professional tool, an intellectual tool, an instrument of social change. †¢ To develop strong communication skills in the students †¢ To create awareness for social, historical, ethical, cultural and human values. †¢ To create a culture for self and life long learning. †¢ To create an intellectual spirit and capability for critical judgement. †¢ To establish a symbiotic relationship with industries. †¢ To develop entrepreneurship programmes and promote student entrepreneurs. †¢ To develop continuing education programmes. To create an awareness for development with equity and environmental values. †¢ To undertake resource generation and provide consultancy services. CHAPTER III : OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAMME 3. 1 Objectives 3. 1-i GURUKUL SCHOOL. * To prom ote preliminary education * To open Marathi medium amp; English medium school * To promote extra circular activities such as, sports, social activities, art etc. * Enhancement of quality of education to students 3. 1-ii GURUKUL COMMERCE COLLEGE. * Access to modern course material of international level. Enhancement of quality of education to students. * Enhancement in avenues for jobs to the student. * Enhancement in value addition to the existing programme. * Initiation of post graduation education. 3. 2 General and Commerce Education Scenario in the State Pune can be rightly called an Educational city. There is One Central Universities, and a number of Deemed Universities. 3. 3 Status at Entry Level Gurukul School Child completed 3 years of age can start Pre preliminary house followed by Preliminary amp; secondary school life. Gurukul Commerce College 0+2 students in Commerce stream opt for Commerce Courses. The number of seats available in Pune per thousand students compared to o ther states is very low. This imbalance needs to be corrected. CHAPTER IV: ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES 4. 1 Classification of Academic Division The following major divisions/departments exist in the school amp; college. * Pre preliminary * Preliminary (Std. 1st to 4th ) * Secondary ( Std. 5th to 10th ) * Higher Secondary ( Std. 11th amp; 12th ) * Graduation in Commerce ( B. com) * Post Graduation in Commerce (M. com) 4. 2 Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is the greatest service to the society. The fruit of Commerce is harvested by the entrepreneur and served to the society in different baskets and packages. The prosperity of the society is directly linked to the successful entrepreneurs. 4. 3 Liberalization and Globalization: If a society is compelled to single out one determinant of competitiveness, in the era of globalisation based economy, one has no option but to choose commerce education since in the end people are the ultimate assets in global competition. This Institute imparts education for global competitiveness. . 4 Computerization of Learning Process : As already mentioned, Computer is the central medium for the learning process viz, (i) Visualization of concepts and processes through graphics and multimedia in multidimensional continuum, (ii) Analytical details under changing parameters and environment, (iii) Tutorial software for deeper understanding of the subject, (iv) Self paced learning, which normal ly can not be created without computers. The Institute provides seamless opportunities for innovative learning. CHAPTER V: SALIENT FEATURES OF ACADEMIC DIVISIONS 5. 1. :Academic Objectives Through this course of School amp; college students are well versed in Commerce amp; being made aware of the endless opportunities opened by the application of academic knowledge amp; information technology for a total integration of system spanning and global scenario. There is a great demand for such manpower as the industries are moving for a higher level of globalisation. 5. 2. : Areas of Focus Globalisation amp; finance transferency. 5. 3:Faculty Requirement amp; Phase-wise Recruitment For the collaborative programme with the University all faculty members will must have Ph. D. degrees. For the collaborative programme with the University the following key faculty members have already been identified to be appointed. (i) Professor Yogesh Mathur Accounts (ii) Professor V. P. Srivastava Financial Management (iii) Professor M. M. Bhutani Corporate Law (iv) Professor Suresh Chandra Computer (v) Dr. C. R. Roy Humanities (vi) Dr. Krishan Kumar Costing Others will be appointed in consultation with key faculty members through proper advertisements. 5. 4: Requirement of Laboratories, Space and Equipment For school we require to have laboratories amp; no need to have laboratories for commerce college. Space requirement for such laboratory will be substantial. All equipments required are of high quality amp; will be ordered from reputed suppliers. CHAPTER VI : LINKAGES IN TECHNICAL EDUCATION 6. 1. : Introduction School amp; commerce college education is based on societal needs of today and tomorrow. Society is seamlessly becoming dependent of Information Technology, All aspects of human endeavour is taking new shapes and directions for a higher level of productivity, efficiency for over all development. 6. 2. : Linkages with Industry The Institute promotes the activities in co-operation with the Industries. Students and Faculty members are sent to visit Industries. With M/s. Laxmi Iyer, a more compact relationship has been undertaken as specified by them. 6. 3. : Linkages with the Community : The requirements of the Community have been well studied and crystallized. Accordingly, educational programs have been designed. Pune is becoming metropolitan city. Hence, the needs of the community here are different from the rural community. The education at the Institution provides deep knowledge amp; computer skills. 6. 4. : Linkages with other Institutions in the region : There is initiative to linkage with all the Commerce Institutes in India like ICAI, ICSI. This will help students to per sue professional education while taking formal education with Institute. 6. 5. : Linkages Abroad Efforts are made to have linkage with abroad universities/Institutes, as the infrastructures and faculty are no less than any foreign institutes. Therefore, this collaboration will bridge this gap and help students to be globalise in every aspect be it education or job. CHAPTER VII: FINANCIAL ASPECT 7. 1: Organisational structure and chart for day to day operation and management. President/secretary (chairman) HEAD OFADMINISTRATIVEEXAMINATIONLIBRARIAN DEPARTMENTOFFICERBRANCH/INCHARGE FACULTYSUPERINTENDENT ATTENDANCESTAFFDEPARTMENT OF STAFF HOUSE KEEPING DATA ENTRYATTENDANT TELEPHONE OPERATOR OPERATOR STORE INCHARGE CLERKS ELECTRICIAN CANTEEN 7. 2: SCHOLARSHIPS. Institutes believes, it has responsibility towards society in which functioning and also provides help to students of weaker section of society especially SC/ST/NT. * State government provides scholarship to weaker students whose income is below average. Arrange for education loan to needy students from banks. * Issue free books to meritorious students. * Also help meritorious but poor, physically challenge and orphan students. * Grants provides by university grant commission. 7. 3: PHASEWISE FINANCIAL REQUIRMENT. Financial requirement for building, furniture, library, labs and workshops, teaching and non-teaching staff is on the following lines. The cost analysis is based on the current rates. 7. 4: S alary: teaching and non-teaching staff is as follows. particulars| Amount(in rupees p. m)| Principal| 75,000| Professor| 50,000| Assistant professor | 35,000| Lecturers | 25,000| Lab assistant| 15,000| Maintenance staff| 13,000| Office assistant| 13,000| Librarian| 10,000| TOTAL| 2,30,000| 7. 5: Land, Building amp; Infrastructure Facility Land| 130,00,000| Building| 100,00,000| Lab amp; workshop| 40,00,000| Computer Lab| 25,00,000| Furniture| 20,00,000| Library| 15,00,000| TOTAL| 330,00,000| 7. 6: Strategies for Financial Mobilization * Some promoters are businessmen and have their own commercial institutes amp; construction Institute. * Any shortage, the financial mobilization will be through unsecured loan from non-financial institutes. * Interest free loan from promoters. After completion of eligibility and all documents, Central Government and State Government will provide grants for continuing such project. * Donations will be accepted from public. CHAPTER VIII: GOVERNANCE AND ACADEMIC amp; ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT: 8. 1: Philosophy of Governance It is said the best governance is that which does not govern. But the underlying Meaning of this is not chaos by but order. This concept of governance bestows Autonomy in decision making with responsibility and Co-ordination. There is a Total freedom for innovative measures and a total Co-ordination from top to Bottom. The decisions are taken at the top but with inputs from the lower rungs So, the governance ensures total participation across the various hierarchies. Head of the Department. Is helped by the faculty members. The Dean is helped by the HODs and faculty members both Director is helped by the Dean, HOD and Faculty members. The Chairman/General Secretary are helped by the Directors And Dean. 8. 2: Methods/Style of Administration/Management The administration is participative. Every faculty member has certain responsibility Delegated to him. 20 students are attached to one faculty member who is designated Group Counselors for that set of students. Group Counselors meet their respective Groups once in a month to know the problems being faced by students Group Counselor Provide the briefs of the meetings to the Director, Director (E) and Dean on matters Related to education, administration and emotional support that the students need. Thus, the problem identification is done at the grass-root level and administrative remedial steps are taken of the appropriate lands. Similarly, grievances of Faculty and Staff are also resolved in a transparent manner. 8. 3: RULES AND REGULATION OF GOVERMEND IN INDIA REGARDING OPENING OF SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. FIRST STEP: Schools and college cannot be set up by private entities. They have to be run by a society formed under the Societies Act of 1860, or a trust under Public Trust Act as existent in different states, or by forming a Company under Section 25 of the Companies Act 1956. In other words, a school and college have to be set up strictly as a non-profit business. At least that is the theory. Setting up a school and college is not just about constructing physical infrastructure in the form of building classrooms and setting up libraries and laboratories. It does involve obtaining permissions and licenses from concerned authorities at various stages. It starts with the setting up of a trust or a society, with a Governing board of five or six members, with a president, chairperson, and a secretary duly identified, as specified under the law. This article will focus primarily on identifying the various steps involved in Opening a school, providing facility for the study for students. SECOND STEP: Once the governing entity, whether a company, trust, or society, comes into existence, it will have to Look for land. There are two possibilities—one, if the society or trust has a land of its own, or, second, When the governing entity decides to buy a land for the proposed school. Buying land from the Government requires permission in the form of a no-objection certificate from the Department of Education of the concerned state. The no-objection certificate, called Essentiality Certificate (EC), Certifies the requirement of a school and college in a particular area. The logic behind the practice is to make Sure No two schools and college compete with each other and one becomes redundant. The EC comes with a Rider that construction must commence within three years, failing which the society will have to reapply for the same. One can apply to the concerned municipal corporation for land for the school and college with the EC. Land is supposed to be allotted to the governing entity at subsidized rates is usually allotted through auction. LAW APPLICABLE Originally, education was a state subject under the Constitution. In 1976, by a constitutional Amendment, education came in the concurrent list, the joint responsibility of the central and state governments. â€Å"It is almost impossible for a new entrant to get land. Land is normally granted to established players with a chain of schools and colleges. Even if a member on the board of a governing entity has land that the entity wants to use for setting up a school and colleges, a no-objection from the Department of Education stating the requirement of a school and colleges in that area is required. The major education boards of the country, namely, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the Council for the Indian School Certificate examinations (CISCE), UGC and state government boards, have clearly laid down norms for land requirements for schools and colleges. This, in most cases, is 2 acres, except for hilly regions and metropolitan cities, where the requirement is less. Construction can take place only on a part of the land, and a playground has to be created in the rest. While conceiving the idea of a school and college, one has to assess the potentials of a location, kind of competition possible, and the target group—the lower middle class, upper middle class or the rich class—the school and colleges will cater to. From the time of forming a governing entity to a school and colleges actually starting up, one normally requires about a year, though taking more than two years is also not unheard of. Normally the infrastructure required to start up can be constructed within a period of six to seven months. Once the construction is over, school and college authorities need to apply for recognition. Up to Class 5 recognition from municipality is all that is required. For Classes 6 to 8 recognition comes from the Department of Education. Recognition for anything above this also comes from the Education Department, but after a minimum gap of two years. School authorities are free to seek affiliation to CBSE or CISCE or ugc. In that case, the school will have to follow the guidelines of the board it is seeking affiliation to. The school will need to follow the syllabus, books prescribed by the affiliating board, and pay specified salaries to the teachers. If it is not a government school, affiliation for schools normally comes in stages. Initially, for Classes 1 to 6 a temporary affiliation is given and guidelines are laid down for schools by the concerned education board. Once things are in place according to the guidelines, an inspection is conducted. If things are to the satisfaction of the board authorities, permanent affiliation is bestowed on the school. ays inspections are not so rigorous after permanent affiliation is granted, but a school has to be run according to the rules of the board. LICENSES AND DOCUMENTS Setting up a school involves a lot of legal processes from the very beginning. While forming a society, trust, or company, one has to have a Memorandum of Association, a document needed almost at every stage later. Like for any other business, a detailed project report for the school is al so needed. In addition, details of land and building, auditor’s statement, bank statements of the governing entity and their members and auditor’s statements are needed at some point or the other. Once the school and college building is ready for initial use, a certificate of recognition has to come from the state government, issued by the municipality for the junior classes, and by the Department of Education for middle school. If high school is to be added subsequently, certificate of up gradation is required which is again issued by the Education Department. Affiliation from either the CBSE or CISCE or UGC is also done through a set process. Things do not stop here, as schools and college need Certificates for hygiene, water, and completion of the building from the municipality.

Fight Club Masculinity Essay Example

Fight Club Masculinity Paper Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club is the story of a man struggling to find himself. The main character, a nameless narrator, is clearly unhappy with his life. He obsessively fakes diseases and attends support group sessions as a way to deal with his hopelessness. Obsessive behaviors often lead to unfavorable events if they are interrupted (Lizardo). Just as it seems the support groups have brought him to a form of equilibrium, they are interrupted by a fellow faker. His inability to treat his restlessness by attending these support groups drives the narrator to shocking extremes. As the text continues, it becomes obvious that the narrator’s true struggle lies within his efforts to find a form of masculinity that best suits him. Many men in today’s society are in search of what it means to be a man (Connell). The many definitions for masculinity create an abundance of confusion for an individual searching for its meaning (Franklin). Palahniuk uses the two most prominent characters in Fight Club to demonstrate males in pursuit of the ideal form of masculinity. This paper will discuss how he deconstructs their efforts using the four themes of masculinity. The commonly cited gender-role model states that there are four major masculine themes that men struggle to maintain. The first theme is â€Å"No Sissy Stuff† (Kahn). This theme encourages men to distance themselves from femininity, any type of heterosexism toward gay men, and to avoid showing any emotion. It is also demonstrated by men who simply don’t do what women do. Men who follow this theme reject anything that is perceived as threatening to masculinity (Brubaker). â€Å"Be a Big Wheel† establishes the second theme. This theme suggests that masculinity is the dominance and power over others. We will write a custom essay sample on Fight Club Masculinity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Fight Club Masculinity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Fight Club Masculinity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Wealth, status, and physical space are some examples of how this form of masculinity is exerted onto others. Men who are unable to achieve the Big Wheel status are often left feeling powerless and discouraged (Kahn). The third theme is called â€Å"The Sturdy Oak. † This theme involves men who need to be independent and self reliant. They, like an oak tree, must remain unaffected by weather and conditions (Kahn). This includes having control over their emotions. Men relating to this theme must always be seen as reliable. Men who embody this these usually distance themselves from others and have difficulty maintaining meaningful relationships (Brubaker). The final theme is â€Å"Give’em Hell. † Men who model this theme feel the need to be courageous risk-takers (Brubaker). Followers of this theme do so in a variety of ways. Some resort to violence at the risk to themselves and others, while many use a form of perseverance to align themselves with this masculine ideal. Men following this theme will do almost anything to ensure their belief of masculinity is met (Kahn). It is difficult, if not impossible, for a man to achieve all four forms of masculinity; however, it does not stop men from trying (Brubaker). The men in Fight Club use these four forms of masculinity to measure their identities as males (Kahn). Most men are in pursuit of a concept known as hegemonic masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity is the form of masculinity that society believes most strongly (Lusher, Dean, and Robins). Given these four forms of masculinity, we know that society does not support one superior form of masculinity above others (Kahn). Therefore, men who attempt to achieve hegemonic masculinity are unable to do so. The characters in Fight Club, like men in our society, are in the pursuit of hegemonic masculinity. The following characters will demonstrate some of the struggles during their pursuit. Narrator The most prominent character in Fight Club is the narrator. By keeping the narrator an unnamed character, Palahniuk allows the audience to participate in the creation of the character’s identity. It is important to recognize that the reader’s perceptions also play a role when identifying the masculine traits the narrator is trying to display. As the reader progresses through the text, the narrator changes his beliefs, values, behaviors, and attitudes several times. It becomes obvious that the narrator has changed his theme of masculinity at least three times throughout the text. These changes in his identity surface as a direct result from his pursuit of hegemonic masculinity. In order to effectively monitor the narrators movement from one masculine theme to the next, moving through the text in chronological order of events will be most efficient. That is, even though the first chapter of the book is describing the ending, the narrator’s first theme of masculinity is portrayed in chapter two. Chapter two is when Palahniuk begins to describe the narrator’s first theme of masculinity. In chapter two, the narrator is attending a support group called Remaining Men Together. This support group is the only thing that provides comfort for the narrator as he suffers from insomnia. Remaining Men Together is a support group for men with testicular cancer. At the beginning of this chapter, his actions are almost anti-masculine as he interacts with his fellow members. He is literally pretending to have no balls, which are usually used as a man’s most prominent display of masculinity (Boon, and Alexander). He also shows deep emotion by crying into the breasts of his fellow male member, Bob. The narrator quickly changes his behavior when he discovers a young woman, Marla, watching him at Remaining Men Together. After two years of being able to cry and express himself at this support group, the narrator is interrupted. He is unable to cry with Marla watching. He immediately establishes the â€Å"Be a Big Wheel† theme of masculinity in order to preserve his spot at the support group. Her arms squeezed tight against her sides, and my lips pressed against her ear, I’ll say, Marla, you big fake, you get out. † â€Å"The next time we meet, I’ll say, Marla, I can’t sleep with you here. I need this. Get out. † The narrator is trying to exert his dominance and power over Marla in order to obtain his right to be at Remaining Men Together. As the novel moves on, the narrator is very discouraged and begins to suffer from his insomnia once again. The â€Å"Be a Big Wheel† theme states that men who are unable to achieve the â€Å"Big Wheel† status are often left feeling powerless and discouraged (Kahn). This would hold true for the narrator. His inability to stop Marla from attending the support groups leads to negotiations that ultimately do not satisfy his need for relief. He is forced to find another way to treat his insomnia. Just as all hope seems lost, the narrator meets Tyler Durden and asks him to â€Å"deliver him from being perfect and complete† (Palahniuk). At first, Tyler and his philosophies help the narrator find another release for his suffering. Together they invent Fight Club. During this period of the book, the narrator begins to follow the â€Å"Give’em Hell† masculine theme. The narrator attends multiple Fight Club meetings and begins to stray away from the support groups he used to attend. At Fight Club, he directly models the â€Å"Give’em Hell† theme by resorting to violence at the risk to himself and others in order to display his masculinity (Kahn, Brubaker). During the hours of Fight Club, he and his fellow members become different people and present their masculinities in ways they never have. Who guys are in Fight Club is not who they are in the real world. Even if you told the kid in the copy center that he had a good fight, you wouldn’t be talking to the same man. † Shortly after its invention, the narrator’s behaviors shown at Fight Club begin to carry over to his day to day life. The narrator’s transformation to the â€Å"Give’em Hell† theme is complete. Just as the narrator begins to feel happy and content, Tyler hits an extreme, so the narrator no longer feels comfortable participating. Tyler invented another group outside of Fight Club called Project Mayhem. When Project Mayhem takes a turn for the worst, the narrator switches his masculine theme, yet again, to stop Tyler. As Tyler and Project Mayhem take a turn for the worst, the narrator becomes suspicious. Then, without any warning, Tyler disappears. While Tyler is absent, the narrator investigates Project Mayhem and searches for answers about Tyler Durden. During his expedition, he takes on the â€Å"Sturdy Oak† masculine theme. He is acting upon his own free will for the first time since he met Tyler. He will do what he must in order to find Tyler and stop Project Mayhem. The narrator’s acts of independency and control over his emotions mirror the â€Å"Be a Sturdy Oak† theme (Kahn). As the narrator gets closer to finding the truth about Tyler, Tyler presents himself. At this moment, the narrator discovers that, all along, Tyler has been a figment of his imagination. The narrator is schizophrenic. Ordinarily, this discovery would yield a great deal of emotion. The narrator, however, remains the â€Å"Sturdy Oak† and tries to analyze the situation without emotion and take control. â€Å" This is a dream. Tyler is a projection. He’s a dis- associative personality disorder. A psychogenic fugue state. Tyler Durden is my hallucination. † The narrator ends the film using the â€Å"Sturdy Oak† theme. In order to stop Project Mayhem, he took control of his emotions. He acted independently of Tyler, and shot himself in order to kill Tyler. This act ultimately ended his struggle for hegemonic masculinity because the narrator has in essence has chosen to be the â€Å"Sturdy Oak. † As the narrator progresses through each of these themes, he is in a constant battle to find hegemonic masculinity. The gender-role model of masculinity states that no man is likely to achieve all four masculine themes (Kahn). The narrator, however, comes dangerously close to achieving all four themes. Palahniuk created an extremely complex character by allowing the unnamed narrator to change his masculine identity several times throughout the text. Tyler Tyler is created by the narrator to fill a void in the narrator’s life. The narrator’s dissatisfaction with every aspect of his personality is somehow contrasted by Tyler’s. As the narrator and Tyler interact, the narrator begins to mirror Tyler’s behaviors and philosophies. It seems the narrator created his own mentor. During Fight Club, Tyler taught the narrator how to be a man. Over time, he also showed the narrator what kind of man he did not want to become. Palahniuk’s creation of Tyler’s character is far less complex than the narrator. Unlike the narrator, Tyler remains steady and consistent with one of the four themes of masculinity. Everything he does can be considered risk-taking behavior; and he definitely uses violence to ensure his belief of masculinity is met. Tyler models the â€Å"Give’em Hell† theme of masculinity for the entire text (Kahn). Starting with the creation of Fight Club, Tyler believes all of the narrator’s problems can be solved by â€Å"hitting rock bottom† (Palahniuk). â€Å"Only through destroying myself can I discover the great power of my spirit. † â€Å"We really won’t die. This isn’t really death, we’ll be legend. We won’t grow old. Tyler’s belief in destruction throughout the entire book is how he demonstrates his masculinity. He completes, what he thinks are, courageous acts to ensure his belief of masculinity is met. This also demonstrates the â€Å"Give’em Hell† theme of masculinity (Brubaker). In contrast, the narrator was unable to exert any form of masculinity into his life until he created Tyler’s influence. After the invention of Fight Club, the narrator continued to learn how to be the man he wanted to be. This is shown when the narrator and his fellow Fight Club members seem to be satisfied with their masculinity. After Project Mayhem starts, however, the narrator becomes agitated and acts out in defiance toward Tyler’s version of the â€Å"Give’em Hell† form of masculinity. Tyler begins to step outside of the parameters of this theme and the narrator is noticeably uncomfortable. In the narrator’s eyes, Tyler makes the transition from the perfect man- â€Å"I love everything about Tyler Durden, his courage and his smarts. His nerve. Tyler if funny and charming and forceful and independent, and men look up to him and expect him to change their world. Tyler is capable and free, and I am not. † to insane and out of control- It has to be big, Picture this: you on top of the world’s tallest building, the whole building taken over by Project Mayhem. Smoke rolling out the windows. Desks falling into the crowds on the street. A real opera of a death, that’s what you’re going to get. † The narrator is then seen as the protagonist, trying to eliminate Tyler, the antagonist, and his drastic actions. In the end, the narrator shoots himself hoping the bullet will result in Tyler’s death, and ultimately the death of Tyler’s new form of masculinity. Ironically, the narrator once wanted this form of masculinity for himself. It is in this moment, when Tyler is eliminated, the narrator has found the theme that, to him, best demonstrates hegemonic masculinity. Even though Tyler’s character becomes an extremest, his core values that drive his behavior are still set within the parameters of the â€Å"Give’em Hell† theme of masculinity. All the way through the text until his eventual â€Å"death†, he remains a violent risk-taker who will do anything to ensure his alignment to this masculine theme. His behavior, although unorthodox, was a form of the â€Å"Give’em Hell† theme (Kahn). Conclusion Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club is a story about a man struggling to find himself. He used the narrator and Tyler in this story to demonstrate the pursuit of hegemonic masculinity. Palahniuk wasn’t glorifying violence, sex, consumerism, or even masculinity itself. He was giving the reader a critique of the steps men are willing to take in order to obtain societies’ preferred theme of masculinity. Palahniuk uses Tyler’s character to state the following: â€Å"We don’t have a great war in our generation, or a great depression, but we do, we have a great war of the spirit. We have a great revolution against the culture. The great depression is our lives. We have a spiritual depression. We have to show these men and women freedom by enslaving them, and show them courage by frightening them. † Through this passage, Palahniuk is describing why, in our society, men have such a hard time defining themselves and claiming a form of masculinity. The narrator’s struggle throughout his journey to â€Å"masculine-enlightenment† is shared by many males in society. Men are able to relate to both the schizophrenic narrator and Tyler. Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club shows society through an extreme and entertaining story, something that occurs on a daily basis and surrounds us all.

Atomic Radius Definition and Trend

Atomic Radius Definition and Trend Atomic radius is a term used to describe the size of an atom, however, there is no standard definition for this value. An atomic radius may refer to the ionic radius, covalent radius, metallic radius, or van der Waals radius. Atomic Radius Periodic Table Trends No matter what criteria you use to describe the atomic radius, the size of an atom is dependent on how far out its electrons extend. The atomic radius of an element tends to increase the further down you go in an element group. Thats because the  electrons become more tightly packed as you move across the periodic table, so while there are more electrons for elements of increasing atomic number, the atomic radius may decrease. The atomic radius moving down an element period  or column tends to increase because an additional electron shell is added for each new row. In general, the largest atoms are at the bottom lefthand side of the periodic table. Atomic Radius Versus Ionic Radius The atomic and ionic radius is the same for atoms of neutral elements, such as argon, krypton, and neon. However, many atoms of elements are more stable as atomic ions. If the atom loses its outermost electron, it becomes a cation or positively charged ion. Examples include K and Na. Some atoms might lose multiple outer electrons, such as Ca2. When electrons are removed from an atom, it might lose its outermost electron shell, making the ionic radius smaller than the atomic radius. In contrast, some atoms are more stable if they gain one or more electrons, forming an anion or negatively charged atomic ion. Examples include Cl- and F-. Because another electron shell isnt added, the size difference between the atomic radius and ionic radius of an anion isnt as much as for a cation. The anion ionic radius is the same as or slightly larger than the atomic radius. Overall, the trend for the ionic radius is the same as for the atomic radius: increasing in size moving across and decreasing moving down the periodic table. However, its tricky to measure the ionic radius, not least because charged atomic ions repel each other. Measuring Atomic Radius You cant put atoms under a normal microscope and measure their size- although you can kind of do it using an atomic force microscope. Also, atoms dont sit still for examination; they are constantly in motion. Thus, any measure of atomic (or ionic) radius is an estimate that contains a large margin of error. The atomic radius is measured based on the distance between the nuclei of two atoms that are barely touching each other, which means the electron shells of the two atoms are just touching each other. This diameter between the atoms is divided by two to give the radius. Its important, however, that the two atoms dont share a chemical bond (e.g., O2, H2) because the bond implies an overlap of the electron shells or a shared outer shell. The atomic radii of atoms cited in the literature are usually empirical data taken from crystals. For newer elements, the atomic radii are theoretical or calculated values, based on the probable size of the electron shells. How Big Are Atoms? A picometer is 1-trillionth of a meter. The atomic radius of the hydrogen atom is about 53 picometers.The atomic radius of an iron atom is about 156 picometers.The largest measured atom is cesium, which has a radius of about 298 picometers.

Does Marx consider capitalism to be unjust Essay

Does Marx consider capitalism to be unjust - Essay Example This essay will first analyse Marx’s views on capitalist exploitation followed by analysis of literature on those who consider his arguments as pointing to capitalism as unjust and then those who are of the opinion that it not before arriving at a conclusion. Prior to the analysis of Marx’s arguments concerning capitalism, it is imperative to make a brief analysis of his general views of the ideology. To summarize Marx’s views on capitalism exploitation, such efforts must rely on the two facets distinguishable in the wage relation. Firstly, capitalism exploitation according to Marx can be analysed in the context of circulation. Based on circulation framework of capitalism exploitation, Marx claims there is a trade of equivalent values where the worker is given wages for labour-power (Appelrouth, 2008). Workers sell their capacity to work as their commodity whereas from the capitalist, the workers receive in the exchange process, the wages that represents the valu e of the commodity they sell. These wages are seen as being the value of what goes into producing such the labour as commodities for this exchange. Therefore, according to Marx, what workers receive from the capitalist, represents the full equivalent in value of what workers sell consequently, he does not see any reason to believe there is any cheating involved in such a process (Sitton, 2010). Secondly, Marx highlighted capitalism exploitation on the facet of production. Marx claims that workers, whose labour is the main source of the value pegged on commodities produced by the capitalist, will have to work longer hours than the time required reproducing the value equivalent to their own labour-power. This further translates to working for a longer time than is necessary for the value of the wage they have received (Bellofiore, Starosta and Thomas, 2013). Based on this approach of capitalist exploitation, the workers perform surplus labour therefore generating surplus-value to be a ppropriated by the capitalist inform of profits. Marx saw operation of labour-power as creating value that is greater than what the value labour-power itself represents and is purchased for (Struna, 2009). The two facets therefore represents two contrasting features of capitalism, seen in the balancing aspects of the wage relations evident in circulation process and in the in the facet of production, where workers produce surplus value to be appropriated by the capitalist. It is from the two facets of capitalist exploitation that the question whether Marx think it unjust or not stems. If according to Marx there is no injustice or fraud in the wage the capitalist pays for the purchased labour, it is because he saw the capitalist and the labourer exchanging on an equivalent basis. However, this is only true of the preliminary and narrow viewpoint of the circulation process where the wage relation is treated as an exchange of equivalents where there is an exchange of labour for power. Where Marx concentrates his efforts is in the surplus labour, which the worker must render for the capitalist to get his profit. On basis of surplus labour, Marx sees the capitalist

FMC Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FMC Corporation - Essay Example In any situation where one unit handsomely starts scoring over another, a desire does emerge to replicate its success. Faced with an uphill task ahead, Kenneth Dailey has to negotiate a "change management" consensus with a disinterested, and possibly hostile Green River senior management. After all, it strikes them at their core; it's not easy to convince experience-laden people used to an authoritative style of functioning, to give up on their way of thinking and make a radical departure to an organic system where experience and position count less than skills and performance. nity to exercise his managerial acumen and insight, and see if he can inject the same degree of motivation and passion in the management and in the employees, that Jack Welch was able to when he took over the helm of General Electric in 1981, and brilliantly transformed it from a manufacturing company to the world's biggest service giant. ving change, possible sources of disagreement, and possible range of expectations employees may have in view of a change. No organization must be a one-man show; it is incumbent upon Dailey to brainstorm for the above pointers with everyone concerned, especially the influential senior management lobby without whose support it's difficult to undertake this ambitious makeover. Communications is the key to understanding what exactly ails the organization; all problems and detrimental factors must come to the fore before any tangible decisions are taken. It could be that finance and R&D department heads do not see eye-to-eye due to ideological misgivings, it could be that the purchase division has a tiff with suppliers hampering consistent growth, it could be that low wages has led to a low employee morale and hence, declined productivity. Whatever be the state-of-affairs, Dailey must seek everyone's involvement in seeking answers to tough questions. Like an able surgeon, he must be abl e to diagnose all areas where the company has failed its people, and vice versa. Only then can a remedial plan-of-action follow suit. The next step would be to integrate all the forward and backward functions of Green River in evolving a broad Aberdeen-like framework for corporate excellence. Und- erstandably, Aberdeen's open framework was not built in a day. In order to start from scratch, Dailey may

Critical response for spelling bee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical response for spelling bee - Essay Example The words in the script are hilarious; therefore the feedback from the audience only depends on how the actors just portray their characters and how the other elements on the stage coordinate with each other. After watching the performance, it seems like the playwright intends to provoke a light and interactive feeling between the actors and the audience. Empathy is prioritized than aesthetic distance, meaning the audience’s general response with the story must be more of involvement. On the other hand, the technical aspect of the performance corresponds to the stage elements. First is to evaluate the stage background. The stage background is a wall made of bricks installed with bulletins displaying protocols that must be followed inside the school. Along with these bulletins is the basketball ring board implying one of the activities at which students usually participate. Considering this view, it can be concluded that the background is sufficient enough to describe the setting of the story. Next to consider are the props or the properties of the stage. The props set on stage include the essential components of a typical classroom such as the chairs and the professor’s table. A trophy placed on top on the table located at the center of the stage is satisfactory to describe that the plot is all about competition between the characters. The position of the props specifically the arrangement of the chairs and the tables are definitely right to control the bl ocking of actors during the performance. The only conflicts that can be observed in the stage are the messy bottles of water used by the actors to quench their thirst and the monochromatic lighting pattern. The dim-focus lighting effect is not sufficient to support the dialogues of the actors at certain scenes. Overall, at this point, it can be deduced that the stage manager of the production is well informed in this type of craft. To complete this assessment, the

Intelligent Transmit Power Control

Intelligent Transmit Power Control The Intelligent Transmit Power Control In Expanding The Limitation Of Range For Bluetooth Communication For Indoor Navigation System Jamilah Binti Mohamed INTRODUCTION As time goes by, the technology is grown up very fast. The technology is created and invented according to the necessities of consumers. In addition, there have many scientist did researched and experiment to find the solutions for our problems in our life. Therefore, some of researcher had found the Bluetooth technology to settle several problems that come into our life. For instants, we need a cable to transfer any information and to have that cable, we need to spend our money to buy it. Thus the creation of Bluetooth can reduce our cost. Bluetooth is the one of the indoor navigator that play its own functions. In 1994, Bluetooth was initiated by the team of researchers at Ericsson Mobile Communications. According to the history of the creation of Bluetooth : â€Å"The name â€Å"Bluetooth† is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand-or Harold Bluetooth in English. During the formative stage of the trade association a code name was needed to name the effort. King Blatand was instrumental in uniting warring factions in parts of what are now Norway, Sweden, and Denmark – just as Bluetooth technology is designed to allow collaboration between differing industries such as the computing mobile phone and automotive markets. The code name as stuck.† (Bluetooth SIG 2006) Nowadays, many of the gadgets like handphones, smartphones, printers, fax machines, computers and other device provide Bluetooth technology as one of the facilities and attraction to their customers. That why most of the people in the world know about the technology of Bluetooth. Bluetooth has their own characteristics. Firstly, Bluetooth is short range communication. There have three types of distance that Bluetooth can function which are the longest distance is 100 meters , intermediate distance is 10 meters , and the shortest distance is 10 cm. However, it is very effective at the short distance and in noisy frequency. Bluetooth is different with the Wi-Fi and WLANs technology, Wi-Fi and WLANs had long range communication but need to have networks. Secondly, Bluetooth supply cable-free environment which can replace the portable cable to connect between two devices and can use to build ad hoc network either at the same device or at different device. At that time, Bluetooth is the most suitable technology for consumers to use it even it have several weaknesses. In addition, to use Bluetooth, Third, among the technology system that appeared nowadays, Bluetooth is more cheap than other devices. Usually, a traditional testing technology show that most of the devices are expensive because of the use of cable, use an expensive measurement equipment, put many sensors to the measurement and so on. All of the action above will increase cost of the device. Different with Bluetooth, it is a simple process that only used radio waves and spread-spectrum frequency-hopping technique. The cost for adding Bluetooth in any device is not more than $5 to $10. Most of the people are afford to have it. Besides that, Bluetooth use two types of links for it process. First is Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) and second is Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL). The process of Bluetooth use the concept of master and slave. For Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO), the process is between master and a single slave in the piconet which is symmetric point to point. SCO need a symmetric point to voice link point for sending and receiving voice packets from one device to another device at certain time intervals. SCO process is started from a master device. When the master device send any data via SCO link in a slot, the slave will send back to the following slot. There are several type of SCO. â€Å"HV1 carries 10 data bytes and is transmitted every 2 slots, HV2 carries 20 data bytes and is transmitted every 4 slots and HV3 carries 30 data bytes and is transmitted every 6 slots.†( For Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL), the system is different with SCO because it need to wait for acknowledgement from the receiver. This style of link is more safe than SCO. If the signal do not receive to the receiver, ACL will send it back until the receiver get it. After that, the recipient will check the packet and clarify the data transmission via cyclic redundancy code (CRC) to make sure the data is correct. ACL is point-to-multipoint link which is between master and slaves in the piconet. In the piconet, ACL can work only in a single link. The process of Bluetooth is started when there have piconet master link with slave devices. â€Å"One piconet can have a maximum of seven active slave devices and one master device. All communication within a piconet goes through the piconet master. Two or more piconets together form a scatternet, which can be used to eliminate Bluetooth range restrictions† (Haataja, 2006). After that, data will transfer between Bluetooth devices and physical channel. Transmission is occur in packets that is subdivided into time units known as slots. THESIS STATEMENT LITERATURE REVIEW Bluetooth is created for short range communication without using any cable or cable free environment. Most of the people nowadays use Bluetooth instead of transfer information via cable. Usually, Bluetooth can use at computers, mobile phones, cars, headphone earphone, camera and printer. It is easy and not expensive. However, there are lot of problem during using Bluetooth. 1. PROBLEM Bluetooth does not have licensed frequency band. The way it works may cause the security of the system easy to attack by other people. It will make harm to the devices. The intruders are easily interrupted the process and know the information transfers during the devices communicate to each other. Thus , Bluetooth need increase the quality of the system to be more safe for consumers to used the communication style. However, the most important problem that occurs in Bluetooth technology is range limitation or range constraint during the process of transferring data. It is possible for data transmission in a short range. There have three classification of distance that Bluetooth can function. First, data transmission at 100 meters , second is 10 meters and the shortest distance is 10 centimeter but the consumers must remember that the shortest distance, the fastest the data transmission process. In addition, the amount of data can affect the effectiveness of Bluetooth during the process of transferring the data. If the data is large or big in size, the rate of the transferring data is become slow. This is because the network is over loaded then the data transmission become slower than usual. Sometimes, somebody need to wait for a few minutes and unluckily, if the devices have problem with it, the process will stop without any notice. That why we need to confirm that the data is safely receive to the recipient device. If not, it is just waste your time for waiting the Bluetooth process to finished. Not only that, Bluetooth always can not reach the device properly even the device is on for Bluetooth, only for certain devices they can pair to each other. Sometimes, they can pair to each other but need an afford to pair them by doing it several times. It will takes time to pair the devices. After that, if the data transmission is large, a lot of time is needed. Therefore, time dilation is occur during using the Bluetooth technology either waiting the devices paring each other or the data safely transmitted to the receiver. Moreover, the battery of the devices will decrease not same as usual. Transmission of data will cause a little bits of battery. As we know, most of the technology devices are created with short durability of battery like smartphone and laptop. The causes of the decreasing of the battery in a short time for certain devices are there have lots of system installed at the devices with high intensity of light and many more factors. Therefore, the uses of Bluetooth will increasing the rate of battery of the devices getting low. Lastly, among the problems above, it is easily to say that the most affected is the range limitation in the Bluetooth. Because of the range limitation, the distance to connect the devices is limited, takes time if the data is quite large, security of the system is vulnerable and difficult to pair among the devices. Thus, a few research was occur to settle the problems. The researchers try to find a single way to expanse range. 2. LIMITATION Connection– Bluetooth can connect after transmitter and receiver getting pair to each other. Otherwise, those device can not connect to each other and the data transmission will not happen. Speed Bluetooth was created for low speed transmission of data. If the amount of  data is larger, the speed become slower. Therefore , we can conclude that transferring data will take time because the speed of Bluetooth process is slow. Range The range of the Bluetooth is limit only for 100 meters (the longest  distance that Bluetooth can function). If the distance between the devices far from that, Bluetooth system will does not work. 3. SIGNIFICANT Actually Bluetooth is important in replacement of wire or cable during communication between two or more than two devices. It is also important in GPS receivers and medical equipment. The development of Bluetooth is become fastest and the product of Bluetooth devices appeared into our life with many variation like Bluetooth home-network, Bluetooth earphone, and Bluetooth head phone. Typical Use of a Bluetooth enabled phone as a data modem for a PC In addition, Bluetooth is popular because it can share the data with different device. For example, data from laptop can be transfer via Bluetooth to the smartphone. Furthermore, Bluetooth can transfer data to the eight devices by using piconet. The application is easy and does not need a large provision. Besides, we can control the data transmission by accepting or rejecting it from any devices that we do not know. Bluetooth can our device more safe from any unneeded data. Indirectly, we can protect our devices from any virus via Bluetooth. Several common misperception about the function of Bluetooth such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi competing to each other. In fact, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi were created with different function and ability. Bluetooth is created for wire replacement at short distance connection while Wi-Fi is used for getting data, video and voice at 300 meters. Therefore, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi not competing to each other but help to complete and settle the problem of consumers. This is one of the research do by connectBlue 2014. 4. RANGE EXPANSION First of all, we need to identify the power transmitted in the Bluetooth process. There have 3 classess of power range which are 1mW (1 meter), 2.5mW (10 meters) and 100 mW (100 meters). According to the range above, we can see the power restrictions. The highest transmitting power when access at the short distance or small size in data. But if the distance between the Bluetooth devices is far or have large size of data, the lowest transmitting power will access. Due to this problem, there have one way to increase the power during transmit the data or any information via Bluetooth. Therefore we can do a hypothesis that when the distance between two Bluetooth devices is lower, the power control transmit the data will increase. So, it will slow down the interference with other transmitter. As we know apart of problems come from Bluetooth can be settle if the range of connection is large. Therefore, the range is the most important parameter for any Bluetooth devices to increase the power control. So, there have one way to overcome the basic limitation of range in Bluetooth. Establish a network through enabled intermediary device. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless communication and omni-directional antennae among the most electronics devices nowadays, the transmission of data will sent to any hosts that on the Bluetooth. In addition, the host can on or off the wireless connection without notifying other hosts. Therefore , during the connection ,both two devices must know and on the Bluetooth system to transfer and receive the data. If both devices that want to connect each other are out of their transmission range, the other devices that around the sender of data will receive it and can forward to another devices. According to the increasing of mobility of wireless hosts, every host must have their own capability of an autonomous system, or centralized administration. Not only because end-hosts are transient the mobility and autonomy introduces a dynamic topology of the networks but also because intermediate hosts on a communication path are transient. That why both devices must have a network to allow the intermediary device function and Bluetooth process will occur. Moreover , to start the connection of Bluetooth device without any limitation of range, we must provide an ad-hoc network with available to all devices. For easy understanding, we can apply network at our devices spontaneously and available to who ever at that area. Not only that, the network can use for a specific applications and at temporary usage. However, every devices need to upgrade their accessible devices due to theis list. Thus, it is easy to all consumers to transfer data by using Bluetooth if that network can provide for any devices. A process to expand the range of Bluetooth or broke the limitation of range in Bluetooth are not complex and only need intermediate hosts. The process need two type of routing process which are static and dynamic. In static routing process, it is independent and maintained for every node for every requirement. While for dynamic routing process , it is work when it is needed in the process. If the sender and the receiver want to transfer the data, they need to send data and find the route by their own then create the routing table.

Dulce et decorum est :: Free Essays

Dulce et Decorum est is a poem written about the first world war. Its Wilfred Owens first hand account of World War I, the War that, ultimately, killed him. Wilfred Owen was an anti-war poet. He wrote of the horrible conditions encounter by the young soldier in the trenches. Owen used imagery to portray the horrors of war, he paints a vivid picture with his words. This is especially evident when he writes: â€Å"If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs, Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,- â€Å" When you hear these words you can almost feel the pain of the people experiencing it. The author chooses to use raw, real words to get his message across. Unlike many other poets who would use flowing, beautiful phrases, as to almost make you forget about the horrid subject matter being discussed, Wilfred Owen poem has an unconventional structure to make the reader think outside the box. There is hardly any rhythm, in order to portray the chaos surrounding him. The last line of the poem: The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. Witch is Latin for ‘it is a sweet and glorious thing to die for ones country’ is VERY fitting to end this poem. Dieing at war is anything but â€Å"sweet and glorious† and the poet recognizes that this is nothing more then an â€Å"old lie.† No one WHO has experienced war first hand thinks that it is noble and honorable. The memories of war haunt their dreams. Wilfred Owen states In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. The memories of his companions dieing make it that much harder to see the meaning behind the warfare. Fighting doesn’t bring peace.